F. Ghasemi; Gh. Mohammadinejad; A. Baghizadeh; H.R. Kavossi
Abstract
In order to improve complex traits such as yield, one of the most effective approaches to select the desired genotypes is the use of selection indices. In this research, in order to evaluate the efficiency of different selection methods under stress conditions, 49 top cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) genotypes, ...
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In order to improve complex traits such as yield, one of the most effective approaches to select the desired genotypes is the use of selection indices. In this research, in order to evaluate the efficiency of different selection methods under stress conditions, 49 top cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) genotypes, selected in the second year of a two-year plan were evaluated. This research was conducted as a field experiment in a randomized complete block design with two replications under drought stress conditions in 2012 at the research farm of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. The selection indices Smith-Hazel 1 and 2 and Pesek-Baker were computed based on seven traits including plant height, number of lateral branches, umbels, umbellules, seeds, seeds weight and aerial parts weight (traits/plant). Also, the direct and correlated responses of these traits with seed yield were obtained. All three indices were evaluated in two forms, along with yield and without yield. The results of direct and correlated response of traits showed that genotypes with higher number of seeds and umbelluleshad higher yield potential. In the Smith-Hazel 1 and 2 indices, two traits including the number of seeds and umbelluleshad the highest response to the selection, while in the Pesek-Baker index, the number of branches was the highest response to the selection. The results indicated that the Smith-Hazel index had the highest selection efficiency and could be used to select appropriate genotypes in the cumin breeding programs under drought stress conditions.
A. Karimi Afshar; Gh. Kiani; H. Najafi; A. Baghizadeh
Abstract
Ajowan (Trachyspermum copticum L.), belonging to the Apiaceae family, is remarked as an important pharmaceutical and economical product. In order to determine the most important traits affecting grain yield, a split plot experiment was conducted in two conditions of irrigation (normal and drought stress) ...
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Ajowan (Trachyspermum copticum L.), belonging to the Apiaceae family, is remarked as an important pharmaceutical and economical product. In order to determine the most important traits affecting grain yield, a split plot experiment was conducted in two conditions of irrigation (normal and drought stress) as the main factor and 36 ecotypes of ajowan, belonging to nine different provinces of Iran, as a sub plot based on a randomized complete block design with two replications in 2015 and 2016 crop year in Kerman. The results of linear multiple regression analysis with stepwise method showed that in drought stress condition, number of umbrellas per plant, number of seeds per umbrella and essential oil yield, and in normal irrigation conditions, biological yield, 1000-seed weight and seed number per umbrella had the highest effect on grain yield, explaining 87% and 99% of the changes, respectively. Based on the results of path analysis, traits including number of umbels per plant under stress conditions and biological yield under normal conditions had the most direct effect on the grain yield and were recognized as the most important components of the grain yield. Therefore, these traits can be considered as main appropriate criteria for facilitating the indirect selection process and evaluating the seed yield potential in ajowan breeding programs.
A. Baghizadeh; Z. Mashayekhi; M.A. Ebrahimi
Abstract
Catnip (Nepeta cataria L.), also called catmint, is a medicinal plant containing aromatic compounds and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, phytochemical and genetic variations of some Catnip germplasm were analyzed using RAPD molecular marker as well as GC/MS. The shoots of plants were collected ...
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Catnip (Nepeta cataria L.), also called catmint, is a medicinal plant containing aromatic compounds and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, phytochemical and genetic variations of some Catnip germplasm were analyzed using RAPD molecular marker as well as GC/MS. The shoots of plants were collected from various habitats and dried away from direct sunlight. DNA was extracted using (CTAB) method. Eleven RAPD primers were used in PCR reaction. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 15 populations were classified into four groups. Based on the results of principal component analysis, the plant populations were clustered into five groups. Eight of 15 collected populations were analyzed phytochemically. Essential oils were extracted via water steam distillation using Clevenger apparatus. Twenty-seven components were identified from all essential oil samples. The results of GC/MS method showed that among the samples, 100% of essential oil compounds were identified in populations of Sirch, Mohammad Abad-e-Maskoon, Saqder 2, Dalfard 2, and Mijan 2. The results also showed that in samples of Dehbakri, Dalfard 1, and Saqder 1, 94.84%, 99.8% and 96.6% of essential oil compounds were identified, respectively. Three isomers of Nepetalactone constituted the major essential oils compounds. B-caryophyllene, Caryophyllene oxide, β-pinene, and α-pinene were also of main essential oil compounds. Based on the cluster analysis of GC/MS data, the populations were classified into three groups. Comparison of consisting compounds of essential oils in the eight studied populations indicated that the essential oils extracted were different quantitatively and qualitatively. This could be probably due to the different ecological conditions of habitats such as humidity, temperature, altitude above sea level, or other terrestrial, geographical and genetic factors.
A. Baghizadeh; M. Moghaddari; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki
Abstract
Teucrium polium L. is an herbaceous, perennial and hyperbranched plant. Teucrium polium grows in different parts of Europe and the Middle East, such as Iran. In order to determination of genetic diversity of Teucrium Polium gemlplasm in Kerman province, 15 genotypes were collected. The DNA was extracted ...
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Teucrium polium L. is an herbaceous, perennial and hyperbranched plant. Teucrium polium grows in different parts of Europe and the Middle East, such as Iran. In order to determination of genetic diversity of Teucrium Polium gemlplasm in Kerman province, 15 genotypes were collected. The DNA was extracted using CTAB method. Fifteen RAPD primers were used for PCR. The electrophoresis results were analyzed using NTSYS software applying UPGMA method with Dice coefficient. To assess the phyto-chemical diversity of Teucrium polium germplasm, the essential oil of seven genotypes of Teucrium Polium was prepared by hydro distillation. The identification and analysis of essential oil composition was done by GC/MS with calculation and study of retention indices and mass spectrometry. Cluster analysis was done for the results of GC/MS by SPSS12 software. After electrophoresis of PCR products, 182 bands were found in the range of 230 to 2300 bp. A number of 169 bands (93%) were polymorphic. The genetic similarity of the genotypes was 0.37 to 0.72. Based on cluster analysis of molecular data, the collected samples were divided into four groups. The essential oil constituents in Kohbanan, Baghin, Shahrbabak, Anbarabad, Ravar and Kerman genotypes were identified. The samples were classified into three groups by cluster analysis of phytochemical data.
F. Ghasemi; A. Baghizadeh; Gh. Mohammadinejad; H.R. Kavoosi
Abstract
The selection indices is one of the most effective methods for improving complex traits such as yield. In the current study, 50 genotypes of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) were evaluated to assess the efficiency of different selection indices. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design ...
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The selection indices is one of the most effective methods for improving complex traits such as yield. In the current study, 50 genotypes of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) were evaluated to assess the efficiency of different selection indices. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design whit three replications in the Research Farm of Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran in 2011-2012. The Smith-Hazel and Pesek-Baker indices were evaluated based on seven traits including plant height, number of branches, number of umbels/plant, number of umbelets/plant, number of seeds/plant, seed yield/plant and shoot weight (with and without seed). The results of response to selection and relative selection efficiency indicated that the genotypes with higher number of seeds and branches/plant and lower plant height had the highest yield potential. In the Smith-Hazel index, number of branches and umbelets/plant had the highest response to selection, while in the Pesek-Baker index, the number of umbels/plant had the highest response to selection. Our results indicated that the Smith-Hazel index had the most selection efficiency and could be used in cumin breeding programs.
S. Dehghan Kouhestani; A. Baghizadeh; Gh.A. Ranjbar; N.A. Babaiyan Jelodar
Volume 24, Issue 4 , February 2009, , Pages 414-427
Abstract
Persian Cumin, a medicinal and aromatic plant, belongs to Apiaceae family. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variation in germplasm of Persian Cumin collected from Kerman province using RAPD molecular markers. The Persian Cumin fruits were collected from 43 various regions in Kerman ...
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Persian Cumin, a medicinal and aromatic plant, belongs to Apiaceae family. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variation in germplasm of Persian Cumin collected from Kerman province using RAPD molecular markers. The Persian Cumin fruits were collected from 43 various regions in Kerman province. DNA was extracted from fruits using modified CTAB method. From the 27 used primers in PCR, 19 primers with better bands were selected for analysis. The 446 polymorphic bands obtained by these primers were scored. The binary matrix was converted to distance matrix by applying Dice similarity coefficient in NTSYS-pc (Ver 2.02) software. Then, the distance matrix was analyzed using UPGMA and the phyllogenic dendrogram was plotted. Based on the results, investigated populations were clustered in 7 groups. The obtained clusters based on RAPD markers to some extent matched with the geographical origin of the studied populations of Persian Cumin. Furthermore, the obtained results of principal component analysis method were similar to the results of cluster analysis. The results indicated that RAPD technique is an efficient tool for assessing genetic diversity in these populations.
